What the certification is
Microsoft Office Specialist: Excel Associate is the recognised credential, tested practically rather than by multiple choice — you are asked to perform tasks in the application. That format is a genuine strength here, because spreadsheet skill is entirely about doing rather than describing, and the certificate therefore means something specific.
The skills that actually change your work
Absolute and relative references, lookup functions, pivot tables, and clean data structure. Those four cover most of what separates someone who uses a spreadsheet from someone a team relies on for one. Everything more advanced builds on them, and no amount of advanced technique compensates for data laid out badly in the first place.
Data literacy is the wider skill
Knowing which chart misleads, why an average can hide the thing that matters, and what a percentage is a percentage of, is worth more over a career than any particular function. The practice test covers both sides deliberately: the mechanics you can be tested on, and the judgement that makes the mechanics useful.