📖LearnModule 10 · Lesson 14 of 30Independent User · CEFR B1 + B2 mastery, and the C1 bridgeUnit 3 · El subjuntivo, el mapa completo
La lista de conjunciones
Module 10 of the free Spanish course (CEFR B1 + B2 mastery, and the C1 bridge), lesson 14 of 30: . On this page: 9 words with their genders and respellings, the rule, a watch-out line, the conjugation table and the audio — the study notes behind the workbook's QR.
The words
Spanish
English
Say it
después de que
after (with a verb)
dehs-PWEHS deh keh
la lista de memoria
the list by heart
lah LEES-tah deh meh-MOH-ryah
la gramática de referencia
the reference grammar
lah grah-MAH-tee-kah deh rreh-feh-REHN-syah
discutir
to argue about
dees-koo-TEER
categóricamente
categorically
kah-teh-GOH-ree-kah-mehn-teh
el uso
usage
ehl OO-soh
dudoso en la práctica
doubtful in practice
doo-DOH-soh ehn lah PRAHK-tee-kah
aprender de memoria
to memorize
ah-prehn-DEHR deh meh-MOH-ryah
ojalá que ellos esperen
I hope they wait
oh-hah-LAH keh EH-yohs ehs-PEH-rehn
Respellings follow the course’s say-it key; the stressed syllable is in capitals. Print this lesson’s flashcards (PDF) — the words on the front, the English and respelling on the back.
La regla · The rule
These conjunctions take the subjunctive and you should know them by heart: para que, a fin de que, antes de que, sin que, a menos que, con tal de que, en caso de que, por mucho que — and cuando, en cuanto, hasta que and aunque whenever the thing is still to come.
Y también · And also
Three that look like them do NOT for a past or present fact: después de que (after it happened), porque, and ya que. Después de que llegó, comimos — it happened, so the indicative. Ojalá que ellos esperen: esperar in the subjunctive after ojalá.
Ojo · Watch out
después de que takes the INDICATIVE for something that already happened (después de que llegó), however much it looks like antes de que. The subjunctive conjunctions are a fixed list: learn them by heart.
esperar, presente de subjuntivo — the table
yo espere · tú esperes · él/ella/usted espere · nosotros esperemos · ustedes esperen · ellos/ellas esperen
Do it now — on paper
Say all 9 words aloud twice from the respelling, then once from the Spanish spelling alone — begin with después de que.
Copy every word with its accents on paper; then cover the English column and write each meaning back from the Spanish.
Write out esperar, presente de subjuntivo in full from memory, every person, and check each form against the table above.
This free course is the reading half. The writing half — write-in lessons, daily practice pages with built-in review, self-checks and a full answer key — is the companion workbook series, The Spanish Ladder: one workbook per module, fifteen in all, released band by band with the Basic band (Modules 1–5) first.
Keep these words
Turn this lesson’s words into flashcards, then space your reviews — the two habits the research behind our study guides backs hardest.