📖LearnModule 11 · Lesson 3 of 30Proficient User · CEFR C1, first halfUnit 1 · El registro — la voz escrita
Las formas que solo se leen
Module 11 of the free Spanish course (CEFR C1, first half), lesson 3 of 30: Open a Spanish novel or a legal text and forms appear that nobody says. On this page: 8 words with their genders and respellings, the rule, a watch-out line and the audio — the study notes behind the workbook's QR.
The words
Spanish
English
Say it
hubo llegado
had arrived (literary)
OO-boh yeh-GAH-doh
apenas
hardly
ah-PEH-nahs
que publicara entonces
which he had published then (journalistic)
keh poo-blee-KAH-rah ehn-TOHN-sehs
quien incumpliere
whoever should breach (legal)
kyehn een-koom-PLYEH-reh
la novela
the novel
lah noh-BEH-lah
el relato
the narrative
ehl rreh-LAH-toh
reconocer
to recognize
rreh-koh-noh-SEHR
la forma verbal
the verb form
lah FOHR-mah behr-BAHL
Respellings follow the course’s say-it key; the stressed syllable is in capitals. Print this lesson’s flashcards (PDF) — the words on the front, the English and respelling on the back.
La regla · The rule
Open a Spanish novel or a legal text and forms appear that nobody says. Apenas hubo llegado, salió (the pretérito anterior). El libro que publicara entonces (the -ra form as a pluperfect, a journalist's habit). Quien incumpliere la norma (the futuro de subjuntivo, alive only in law and proverbs).
Y también · And also
At C1 your job is to RECOGNIZE them and read them as the everyday form they stand for: hubo llegado = había llegado; publicara = había publicado; incumpliere = incumpla. In everything you write, keep the ordinary forms. Module 2 of this band reads them at length.
Ojo · Watch out
publicara in a news sentence is NOT the imperfecto de subjuntivo — el libro que publicara entonces means que había publicado. The -ra form does double duty; the context (a date, a fact) tells you which.
Do it now — on paper
Say all 8 words aloud twice from the respelling, then once from the Spanish spelling alone — begin with hubo llegado.
Copy every word with its accents on paper; then cover the English column and write each meaning back from the Spanish.
Write two sentences of your own that get the watch-out line right, then the two practice pages of workbook lesson 3 in Module 11 are the written half of this page.
This free course is the reading half. The writing half — write-in lessons, daily practice pages with built-in review, self-checks and a full answer key — is the companion workbook series, The Spanish Ladder: one workbook per module, fifteen in all, released band by band with the Basic band (Modules 1–5) first.
Keep these words
Turn this lesson’s words into flashcards, then space your reviews — the two habits the research behind our study guides backs hardest.