📖LearnModule 13 · Lesson 18 of 30Proficient User · CEFR C2, first halfUnit 4 · El pensamiento y la ética
Juzgar
Module 13 of the free Spanish course (CEFR C2, first half), lesson 18 of 30: Four adjectives carry most of the judgment in Spanish public argument. On this page: 9 words with their genders and respellings, the rule, a watch-out line, the conjugation table and the audio — the study notes behind the workbook's QR.
The words
Spanish
English
Say it
legítimo
rightful
leh-HEE-tee-moh
arbitrario
arbitrary
ar-bee-TRAH-ryoh
equitativo
fair
eh-kee-tah-TEE-boh
abusivo
unfair and unlawful
ah-boo-SEE-boh
la cláusula
the clause (in a contract)
lah KLOW-soo-lah
nulo
void
NOO-loh
la consecuencia jurídica
the legal consequence
lah kohn-seh-KWEHN-syah hoo-REE-dee-kah
excesivo
excessive
ehk-seh-SEE-boh
anular
to void, to annul
ah-noo-LAR
Respellings follow the course’s say-it key; the stressed syllable is in capitals. Print this lesson’s flashcards (PDF) — the words on the front, the English and respelling on the back.
La regla · The rule
Four adjectives carry most of the judgment in Spanish public argument. Legítimo (rightful), arbitrario (without reason), equitativo (fair in the balanced sense), abusivo (excessive, and often unlawful).
Y también · And also
Abusivo is the one to watch: una cláusula abusiva in a contract is not merely unfair, it is void — es anulada. Spanish moves from moral judgment to legal consequence in a single adjective more often than English does.
Ojo · Watch out
abusivo is not merely unfair: una cláusula abusiva is void in law, nula. equitativo is fair in the balanced sense; legítimo is rightful. Each adjective carries a legal weight.
anular, voz pasiva — the table
él es anulado · ella es anulada · ellos son anulados · ellas son anuladas
Do it now — on paper
Say all 9 words aloud twice from the respelling, then once from the Spanish spelling alone — begin with legítimo.
Copy every word with its accents on paper; then cover the English column and write each meaning back from the Spanish.
Write out anular, voz pasiva in full from memory, every person, and check each form against the table above.
This free course is the reading half. The writing half — write-in lessons, daily practice pages with built-in review, self-checks and a full answer key — is the companion workbook series, The Spanish Ladder: one workbook per module, fifteen in all, released band by band with the Basic band (Modules 1–5) first.
Keep these words
Turn this lesson’s words into flashcards, then space your reviews — the two habits the research behind our study guides backs hardest.