📖LearnModule 11 · Lesson 4 of 30Proficient User · CEFR C1, first halfUnit 1 · Le registre — the written voice
Les connecteurs du français écrit
Module 11 of the free French course (CEFR C1, first half), lesson 4 of 30: Formal writing has its own joints: en outre (furthermore), toutefois (however), par conséquent (consequently), ainsi (thus). On this page: 7 words with their genders and respellings, the rule, a watch-out line and the audio — the study notes behind the workbook's lesson 4.
The words
French
English
Say it
en outre
furthermore
ah(n) NOOTR
toutefois
however
toot-FWAH
par conséquent
consequently
pahr koh(n)-say-KAH(n)
ainsi
thus, in this way
a(n)-SEE
en effet
indeed (confirming)
ah(n) nay-FEH
en fait
actually (correcting)
ah(n) FEHT
le lien
the link
luh LYA(n)
Respellings follow the course’s say-it key; the stressed syllable is in capitals. Print this lesson’s flashcards (PDF) — the words on the front, the English and respelling on the back.
Hear the words
Each word is read twice — say it back in the gap. Computer-generated voice; credits on the course page.
La règle · The rule
Formal writing has its own joints: en outre (furthermore), toutefois (however), par conséquent (consequently), ainsi (thus), en effet (indeed — it confirms, it never means "in fact" as a correction).
Et aussi · And also
En effet is the classic trap for English speakers: it AGREES with what came before. To correct, you need en fait.
Attention · Watch out
en effet CONFIRMS what came before; to correct, French needs en fait. Writing en effet for 'actually' reverses the sense of the sentence.
Do it now — on paper
Say all 7 words aloud twice from the respelling, then once from the French spelling alone — begin with en outre.
Copy every word with its accents on paper; then cover the English column and write each meaning back from the French.
Write two sentences of your own that get the watch-out line right, then the two practice pages of workbook lesson 4 in Module 11 are the written half of this page.
This free course is the reading half. The writing half — write-in lessons, daily practice pages with built-in review, self-checks and a full answer key — is the companion workbook series, The French Ladder: one workbook per module, fifteen in all, released band by band with the Basic band (Modules 1–5) first.
Keep these words
Turn this lesson’s words into flashcards, then space your reviews — the two habits the research behind our study guides backs hardest.