📖LearnModule 12 · Lesson 22 of 30Proficient User · CEFR C1, completedUnit 5 · El vocabulario abstracto
Los verbos que nombran la operación
Module 12 of the free Spanish course (CEFR C1, completed), lesson 22 of 30: A C1 essay names its own moves. On this page: 9 words with their genders and respellings, the rule, a watch-out line, the conjugation table and the audio — the study notes behind the workbook's QR.
The words
Spanish
English
Say it
constatar
to note as a fact
kohns-tah-TAR
señalar
to point out
seh-nyah-LAR
subrayar
to emphasize
soo-brah-YAR
matizar
to qualify a statement
mah-tee-SAR
refutar
to refute
rreh-foo-TAR
conceder
to grant
kohn-seh-DEHR
la operación del texto
the move the text makes
lah oh-peh-rah-SYOHN dehl TEHKS-toh
la precisión
precision
lah preh-see-SYOHN
yo señalo un error
I point out a mistake
yoh seh-NYAH-loh oon eh-RROHR
Respellings follow the course’s say-it key; the stressed syllable is in capitals. Print this lesson’s flashcards (PDF) — the words on the front, the English and respelling on the back.
La regla · The rule
A C1 essay names its own moves. Constatar (to note a fact), señalar (to point out), subrayar (to stress), matizar (to qualify), refutar (to refute), conceder (to concede).
Y también · And also
Se constata que las cifras han bajado. It is more precise than se ve que, and it tells the reader what kind of move you are making — which is exactly what an examiner is looking for.
Ojo · Watch out
constatar is to note a fact, señalar to point out, refutar to refute, conceder to concede: the verbs name your own move. se ve que names nothing. matizar is to add a shade of meaning, not to match.
señalar, presente — the table
yo señalo · tú señalas · él/ella/usted señala · nosotros señalamos · ustedes señalan · ellos/ellas señalan
Do it now — on paper
Say all 9 words aloud twice from the respelling, then once from the Spanish spelling alone — begin with constatar.
Copy every word with its accents on paper; then cover the English column and write each meaning back from the Spanish.
Write out señalar, presente in full from memory, every person, and check each form against the table above.
This free course is the reading half. The writing half — write-in lessons, daily practice pages with built-in review, self-checks and a full answer key — is the companion workbook series, The Spanish Ladder: one workbook per module, fifteen in all, released band by band with the Basic band (Modules 1–5) first.
Keep these words
Turn this lesson’s words into flashcards, then space your reviews — the two habits the research behind our study guides backs hardest.