📖LearnModule 8 · Lesson 3 of 30Independent User · CEFR B2, first halfUnit 1 · Causa, consecuencia, finalidad
Por eso, así que, por lo tanto
Module 8 of the free Spanish course (CEFR B2, first half), lesson 3 of 30: Consequence runs the other way: the reason first, the result after. On this page: 10 words with their genders and respellings, the rule, a watch-out line, the conjugation table and the audio — the study notes behind the workbook's QR.
The words
Spanish
English
Say it
por lo tanto
therefore
pohr loh TAHN-toh
así que
so (therefore)
ah-SEE keh
por consiguiente
consequently
pohr kohn-see-GYEHN-teh
la consecuencia
the consequence
lah kohn-seh-KWEHN-syah
el resultado
the result
ehl rreh-sool-TAH-doh
provocar
to bring about
proh-boh-KAR
llevar a
to lead to
yeh-BAR ah
el método
the method
ehl MEH-toh-doh
el problema
the problem
ehl proh-BLEH-mah
ellos provocan un problema
they cause a problem
EH-yohs proh-BOH-kahn oon proh-BLEH-mah
Respellings follow the course’s say-it key; the stressed syllable is in capitals. Print this lesson’s flashcards (PDF) — the words on the front, the English and respelling on the back.
La regla · The rule
Consequence runs the other way: the reason first, the result after. Así que is the everyday so and sits inside the sentence: llueve, así que llevo paraguas. Por eso (that is why) is nearly as common and just as spoken.
Y también · And also
Por lo tanto and por consiguiente are the written pair, and they open a sentence: por lo tanto, cambiamos de método. Using them in speech sounds like reading a report aloud, which is sometimes exactly right. Provocar and llevar a are the verbs of consequence: el calor provoca incendios.
Ojo · Watch out
así que sits inside the sentence (llueve, así que llevo paraguas); por lo tanto and por consiguiente open one and take a comma after them. And provocar is to bring about, not to provoke a person — that is provocar a alguien.
provocar, presente — the table
yo provoco · tú provocas · él/ella/usted provoca · nosotros provocamos · ustedes provocan · ellos/ellas provocan
Do it now — on paper
Say all 10 words aloud twice from the respelling, then once from the Spanish spelling alone — begin with por lo tanto.
Copy every word with its accents on paper; then cover the English column and write each meaning back from the Spanish.
Write out provocar, presente in full from memory, every person, and check each form against the table above.
This free course is the reading half. The writing half — write-in lessons, daily practice pages with built-in review, self-checks and a full answer key — is the companion workbook series, The Spanish Ladder: one workbook per module, fifteen in all, released band by band with the Basic band (Modules 1–5) first.
Keep these words
Turn this lesson’s words into flashcards, then space your reviews — the two habits the research behind our study guides backs hardest.