📖LearnModule 11 · Lesson 19 of 30Proficient User · CEFR C1, first halfUnit 4 · La voz pasiva — y cómo el español la evita
Estar + participio — el resultado
Module 11 of the free Spanish course (CEFR C1, first half), lesson 19 of 30: Ser + participle tells the event; estar + participle tells the state that follows. On this page: 8 words with their genders and respellings, the rule, a watch-out line, the conjugation table and the audio — the study notes behind the workbook's QR.
The words
Spanish
English
Say it
la puerta está cerrada
the door is shut
lah PWEHR-tah ehs-TAH seh-RRAH-dah
el problema está resuelto
the problem is solved
ehl proh-BLEH-mah ehs-TAH rreh-SWEHL-toh
resolver
to resolve, to solve
rreh-sohl-BEHR
el resultado
the result
ehl rreh-sool-TAH-doh
el estado
the state, the condition
ehl ehs-TAH-doh
quedar resuelto
to end up settled
keh-DAR rreh-SWEHL-toh
el asunto
the matter
ehl ah-SOON-toh
la tienda
the store
lah TYEHN-dah
Respellings follow the course’s say-it key; the stressed syllable is in capitals. Print this lesson’s flashcards (PDF) — the words on the front, the English and respelling on the back.
La regla · The rule
Ser + participle tells the event; estar + participle tells the state that follows. La puerta fue cerrada a las seis (someone closed it) — la puerta está cerrada (it is shut now). El problema fue resuelto — el problema está resuelto.
Y también · And also
English has one sentence for both and Spanish insists on two. Quedar can replace estar for the moment the state begins: el asunto quedó resuelto. Choose by asking: an action, or the condition it left behind?
Ojo · Watch out
ser + participio is the ACTION, estar + participio the RESULT: la tienda fue abierta en 1990, la tienda está abierta hoy. Both participles agree: abierta, resueltos.
abrir, estar + participio — the table
él está abierto · ella está abierta · ellos están abiertos · ellas están abiertas
resolver, estar + participio — the table
él está resuelto · ella está resuelta · ellos están resueltos · ellas están resueltas
Do it now — on paper
Say all 8 words aloud twice from the respelling, then once from the Spanish spelling alone — begin with la puerta está cerrada.
Copy every word with its accents on paper; then cover the English column and write each meaning back from the Spanish.
Write out abrir, estar + participio and resolver, estar + participio in full from memory, every person, and check each form against the table above.
This free course is the reading half. The writing half — write-in lessons, daily practice pages with built-in review, self-checks and a full answer key — is the companion workbook series, The Spanish Ladder: one workbook per module, fifteen in all, released band by band with the Basic band (Modules 1–5) first.
Keep these words
Turn this lesson’s words into flashcards, then space your reviews — the two habits the research behind our study guides backs hardest.